Nakuja Project Blog

Systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems. When run as the first process on boot (as PID 1), it acts as an init system that brings up and maintains userspace services. It has mostly replaced the previous standard for Linux distributions. It is widely used and therefore being acquainted with systemd is definitely worth the effort. It will also make server administration much easier. Learning about and utilising the systemd tools and daemons can help you realise the power, flexibility, and possibilities it offers, or at the very least make your work easier. For our server, we will be using a Raspberry Pi 4. This will enable us to test the prowess of systemd. To setup Raspberry pi for headless support please refer to this Toms Hardware tutorial Why systemd The most common criticism levelled about systemd is that it suffers from mission creep and bloat. Subsequent criticism impacts other software that adds systemd dependencies, affecting compatibility with other U...

  Prep work This is a summary of the work done in preparation for the static testing. These activities were: Modification of the test stand to accommodate for higher load measurements as well as to accommodate the new size of the motor Motor Design 1.Propellant The propellant of choice was Potassium Nitrate(Oxidizer) and Dextrose(Fuel/Binder) as well as Iron (III) oxide as the burn catalyst. An oxidizer to fuel ratio of 65%:35% was used and the catalyst added to 1% of the mass of the oxidizer+fuel. The propellant was cast into two grains namely V8 and V9 to form two motors. V8 Dimensions Grain length: 150mm Grain diameter: 30mm Core diameter: 14mm V9 Dimensions Grain length: 150mm Grain diameter: 30mm Core diameter: 13mm Prior to static testing  a simulation using openMotor was done for a theoretical performance of the motor.  A link to this data is attached:  https://github.com/nakujaproject/N1-motor/tree/main/Proposed%20Final%20Spec A photo of the data is attached:...

  Motor Design The propellant of choice was Potassium Nitrate(Oxidizer) and Dextrose(Fuel/Binder). An oxidizer to fuel ratio of 65%:35% was used. The propellant was cast into one grain with a  total weight of 24g.  The grains had an outside diameter of 24mm and a core diameter of 7.2mm.  Prior to static testing a simulation using openMotor was done for a theoretical performance of the motor.  v6 v7 Design performance Motor Casing The casing of the motor was made from 40mm PN25 UPVC. The top side(bulkhead), as well as the nozzle, were to be made from tile cement. The bulkhead for reinforced with a PVC end cap. The nozzle was designed with the following dimensions: Throat length - 35mm Divergence half angle - 0 degrees Convergence half angle - 0 degrees Motor Fabrication The KNDX propellant was cast as follows:  The nozzle and endcap were fabricated using tile cement(grout). The grout is mixed with water in the ratio of 3:1 by weight and poured into the ...

  Theory: ·          Rocket motion is based on Newton’s second law of motion ( 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 ). ·          Rocket motion is a variable mass problem i.e rocket mass changes as the propellant is used up. ·          Air density varies with altitude. ·          In flight, a rocket is subjected to four forces: thrust, lift, drag, and weight. Governing equations: 1. Drag equation 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝐶𝑑 ∗𝜌𝐴𝑣/ 2 Where: a)       Cd=drag co-efficient (obtained from the NASA’s Glenn Research Centre website) b)       Ρ=air density (I used the ISA model because using the standard ideal value of 1.2kg/m3 would not reflect the practical air density conditions encountered during rocket flight) c)       A= rocket area (frontal) N/B: the area...

  Static Firing Test no. 2

Motor Design The propellant of choice was Potassium Nitrate(Oxidizer) and Dextrose(Fuel/Binder). An oxidizer to fuel ratio of 65%:35% was used. The propellant was cast into one grain with a  total weight of 24g.  The grains had an outside diameter of 24mm and a core diameter of 7.2mm.  Prior to static testing a simulation using openMotor was done for a theoretical performance of the motor.  Motor Casing The casing of the motor was made from ¾ inch PVC. The top side(bulkhead), as well as the nozzle, were to be made from tile cement.  The nozzle was designed with the following dimensions: Throat diameter - 6 mm Exit diameter - 6 mm Throat length - 35mm Divergence half angle - 0 degrees Convergence half angle - 0 degrees Motor Fabrication The KNDX propellant was cast as follows:  The nozzle and endcap were fabricated using tile cement(grout). The grout is mixed with water in the ratio of 3:1 by weight and poured into the pipe. The cast is left to sit overnight...

Prep work This is a summary of the work done in preparation for the static testing. These activities were: Fabrication of a test stand- We made a test stand as well as wrote relevant code to measure ,analyze, visualize and store data during testing. Research work on PVC motors- We did research on PVC motor design. A link to a major resource is attached. Link: https://www.nakka-rocketry.net/pvcmot4.html#Intro We also developed a remote ignition system by repurposing parts of an old toy car. Motor Design 1.Propellant The propellant of choice was Potassium Nitrate(Oxidizer) and Sucrose(Fuel/Binder). An oxidizer to fuel ratio of 65%:35% was used. The propellant was cast into two grains with a  total weight of 34g.  The grains had an outside diameter of 24mm and a core diameter of 7.2mm.  Prior to static testing  a simulation using openMotor was done for a theoretical performance of the motor.  A link to this data is attached: https://github.com/nakujaproject/felixRe...